There is a ServerID GUID for SharePoint (all versions) that sits at the Registry location
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Shared Tools\Web Server Extensions\15.0 named ServerId
It's not easy to find the GUID in Central Admin. But the powershell script below, will give you a list of the Servers, and their ServerID Guids:
get-spserver | format-list -Property Name,Id
Example:
PS C:\Users\sp_admin> get-spserver | format-list
-Property Name,Id
Name : SPED
Id :
0f31d37c-ab52-4e36-b02c-8706e9f60f3f
Name : SQLED
Id :
8e869d81-58a7-46f9-83b6-a7ce46ad0e67